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An in-text citation is....

INFORMATION FROM A SOURCE WRITTEN IN YOUR ESSAY

You cannot include an in-text citation without showing a corresponding bibliographical entry.

Example:

The most cold-hardy perennials are the hosta genus, known for their "splash and sprinkle" bright green leaves (Harper 9) even in the darkest of winters.

A bibliography is....

ALL SOURCES SHOWN TOGETHER AT THE END OF THE ESSAY

You cannot show a bibliographical entry without including an in-text citation to that entry.

Example:

Harper, Rose. “Cold Hardiness in

Perennials.” Modern

Gardening, vol. 45, no. 2,

Oct. 2020, pp. 1–18.

Core Concepts

Basic questions to ask yourself before you turn it in:

  • are you citing where you found your information?  

  • are you using the ( responsible creators location ) parenthetical citation format in your essay?

  • are you using punctuation properly?

  • did you add a bibliography, on its own page, at the end of your essay?

  • is the bibliography alphabetized with a hanging indent?

  • is there a header, like Works Cited or References?

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